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Meteorological hazards
Tropical storms, hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons
Tropical storms, cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, although named differently, describe the same disaster type. Essentially, these disaster types refer to a large scale closed circulation system in the atmosphere which combines low pressure and strong winds that rotate counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
The system is referred to as a "cyclone" in the Indian Ocean and and South Pacific, "hurricane" in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific and "typhoon" in the Western Pacific.
Hurricanes and typhoons are the same storm types as "tropical cyclones" (the local name for storms which originate in the Caribbean and China Sea region respectively).
A tropical cyclone is a non-frontal storm system that is characterised by a low pressure center, spiral rain bands and strong winds. Usually it originates over tropical or subtropical waters and rotates clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere. The system is fueled by heat released when moist air rises and the water vapor it contains condenses ("warm core" storm system). Therefore the water temperature must be >27 °C.
Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons can be predicted several days in advance. The onset is extensive and often very destructive. These disasters are usually more destructive than floods.
First, in a sudden, brief onslaught, high winds cause major damage to infrastructure and housing, in particular fragile constructions. They are generally followed by heavy rains and floods and, in flat coastal areas, by tidal waves.
In the case of cyclones, accurate landfall predictions can give only a few hours' notice to threatened populations. In addition, people generally opt to wait until the very last minute before abandoning their home and possessions. Deaths from drowning in the high tides and sudden flooding and material losses are therefore often very high.
Tropical storms, cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, although named differently, describe the same disaster type. Essentially, these disaster types refer to a large scale closed circulation system in the atmosphere which combines low pressure and strong winds that rotate counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
The system is referred to as a "cyclone" in the Indian Ocean and and South Pacific, "hurricane" in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific and "typhoon" in the Western Pacific.
Hurricanes and typhoons are the same storm types as "tropical cyclones" (the local name for storms which originate in the Caribbean and China Sea region respectively).
A tropical cyclone is a non-frontal storm system that is characterised by a low pressure center, spiral rain bands and strong winds. Usually it originates over tropical or subtropical waters and rotates clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere. The system is fueled by heat released when moist air rises and the water vapor it contains condenses ("warm core" storm system). Therefore the water temperature must be >27 °C.
Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons can be predicted several days in advance. The onset is extensive and often very destructive. These disasters are usually more destructive than floods.
First, in a sudden, brief onslaught, high winds cause major damage to infrastructure and housing, in particular fragile constructions. They are generally followed by heavy rains and floods and, in flat coastal areas, by tidal waves.
In the case of cyclones, accurate landfall predictions can give only a few hours' notice to threatened populations. In addition, people generally opt to wait until the very last minute before abandoning their home and possessions. Deaths from drowning in the high tides and sudden flooding and material losses are therefore often very high.
Technological hazards: industrial accidents
Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or certain human activities, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Technological disasters are non-natural disastrous occurrences that include:
However, the Federation offers care to people that are displaced or flee from the disasters, providing shelter, foods, basic health, water and sanitation. Psychological support is also often vital. For more than twenty years on, the Federation is still running a programme to assist victims of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion of 1986, providing medical assistance and check-ups, and psycho-social support.
Equally, in situations of chemical and biological warfare, the Federation provides basic information about symptoms and effects of agents, antidotes and protection. Again, National Societies and the Federation take care of people displaced or fleeing from chemical or biological attacks, providing shelter, food, basic medical care, water and sanitation.
- Accident release
Occurring during the production, transportation or handling of hazardous chemical substances
- Explosions
Disasters will only be classified as explosions when the explosions is the actual disaster. If the explosion is the cause of another disaster, the event will be classified as the resulting disaster.
- Chemical explosion
Violent destruction caused by explosion of combustible material, nearly always of chemical origin.
- Nuclear explosion/Radiation
Accidental release of radiation occurring in civil facilities, exceeding the internationally established safety levels.
- Mine explosion
Accidents which occur when natural gas or coal dust reacts with the air.
- Pollution
Degradationof one or more aspects in the environment by noxious industrial, chemical or biological wastes, from debris or man-made products and from mismanagement of natural and environmental resources.
- Acid rain
A washout of an excessive concentration of acidic compounds in the atmosphere, resulting from chemical pollutants such as sulphur and nitrogen compounds. When deposited these increase the acidity of the soil and water causing agricultural and ecological damage.
- Chemical pollution
A sudden pollution of water or air near industrial areas, leading to internal body disorders with permanent damage of the skin.
- Atmosphere pollution
Contamination of the atmosphere by large quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemicals and other industrial processes and nuclear explosions
However, the Federation offers care to people that are displaced or flee from the disasters, providing shelter, foods, basic health, water and sanitation. Psychological support is also often vital. For more than twenty years on, the Federation is still running a programme to assist victims of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion of 1986, providing medical assistance and check-ups, and psycho-social support.
Equally, in situations of chemical and biological warfare, the Federation provides basic information about symptoms and effects of agents, antidotes and protection. Again, National Societies and the Federation take care of people displaced or fleeing from chemical or biological attacks, providing shelter, food, basic medical care, water and sanitation.
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